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establishment of sister chromatid cohesion
Sister chromatid cohesion refers to the process by which sister chromatids are paired and held together during certain phases of the cell cycle. Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion is the process by which chromatin-associated cohesin protein becomes competent to physically bind together the sister chromatids. In general, cohesion is established during S phase as DNA is replicated, and is lost when chromosomes segregate during mitosis and meiosis. Some studies have suggested that cohesion aids in aligning the kinetochores during mitosis by forcing the kinetochores to face opposite cell poles.〔Wang, F., and Christman, M.F. (2001). Replication-Related Activities Establish Cohesion Between Sister Chromatids. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics ''35'', 289-301.〕
==Cohesin loading==
Cohesin first associates with the chromosomes during G1 phase. The cohesin ring is composed of two SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) proteins and two additional Scc proteins. Cohesin may originally interact with chromosomes via the ATPase domains of the SMC proteins. In yeast, the loading of cohesin on the chromosomes depends on proteins Scc2 and Scc4.〔Morgan, David O. ''The Cell Cycle, Principles of Control''. New Science Press Ltd., 2007.〕
Cohesin interacts with the chromatin at specific loci. High levels of cohesin binding are observed at the centromere. Cohesin is also loaded at cohesin attachment regions (CARs) along the length of the chromosomes. CARs are approximately 500-800 base pair regions spaced at approximately 9 kilobase intervals along the chromosomes. In yeast, CARs tend to be rich in adenine-thymine base pairs. CARs are independent of origins of replication.〔〔Cohen-Fix, O. (2001). The Making and Breaking of Sister Chromatid Cohesion. Cell ''106'', 137-140.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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